Ife Social Sciences Review

From Regimentation to Recognition: Transforming Police Culture for Effective Community Policing in Nigeria

Bashirat A. Ibrahim — Mon, 01 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Criticisms of stagnation, conservatism, and a lack of adaptability, coupled with societal changes and calls for reform, have led to global demands for policing reform, with community policing emerging as a key component in Nigeria albeit facing challenges. This study delves into the challenges faced by community police officers and explores factors influencing their motivation and commitment to community policing in two state commands. Employing a phenomenological approach, in-depth interviews and focus group discussions were employed for data collection. Thematic analysis was utilised to identify patterns within the data. Job content factors hindering officers' commitment to community policing include limited career advancement prospects, lack of reward and recognition, high level of regimentation, lack of training opportunities, non-challenging job responsibilities, and lack of person-job fit. Officers expressed discontentment with irregular promotions, inadequate acknowledgement of successes, and extensive regimentation within the force. Conversely, factors encouraging commitment to community policing include occupational prestige, the existence of oversight and accountability measures, opportunities for idea exchange, and job security. These findings align with Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory and the Person-Environment Fit Theory, highlighting a lack of motivating factors in the job, as well as the disconnect between job requirements and officers' capabilities. The study underscores the necessity for comprehensive training needs analysis and the development of standardized training programs to enhance police training and performance. Additionally, the research suggests a change in the organizational culture of the force to address issues of career advancement, recognition, and regimentation. Further, organizational restructuring is essential for job enrichment and fostering officers’ empowerment. Recommendations and suggestions for future research include examining the impact of organizational culture and leadership styles on police performance, the effectiveness of recruitment and selection processes, and ways to fulfil higher-order motivational needs among police officers.

The Reciprocation of Perceived organizational support on Work engagement and Extra-role performance

Olusola I. Akinbobola — Mon, 01 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0000

To reciprocate favourable treatment from perceived organisational support provided by the organisation, employees may adopt a positive job attitude e.g. work engagement and productive behaviour e.g. extra-role performance. Conversely, exchange ideology could decrease social exchange between employees and the organisation. This study therefore investigated the mediatory role of work engagement and moderating role of exchange ideology on perceived organizational support and extra-role performance among employees of various organisations in Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria. This study adopted the cross-sectional survey design for data collection. A cluster sampling technique was used to select participants from three local government areas. These were 250, comprising males: 119 (57.6%) and females: 131 (52.4%). The majority 211 (84.4%) are at least 30 years of age (Mean = 36.34 years, SD = 8.08). Participants were employees from consenting organizations. Data were collected using structured psychological scales while Pearson correlation analysis was used to analyse intercorrelation among variables. This study utilized Analysis of Moment of Structure (AMOS) version 21 to perform the Structural Equation Model (SEM) for the test of mediation of the effect of work engagement on perceived organizational support and extra-role performance. Again, for the test of mediation effect of work engagement on exchange ideology and extra-role performance. Also, for the test of moderation effect of exchange ideology on perceived organizational support and work engagement. The results of regression weights showed that there is a negative relationship between exchange ideology and extra-role performance; and between perceived organizational support and exchange ideology. There is a significant relationship between perceived organizational support and extra-role performance mediated by work engagement. It is therefore recommended that organizations should be intentional in giving care for welfare, support and to fulfil the needs of the employees. Work engagement is an important job attitude that should be encouraged from employees.

Resourceful Handling of Plastic Waste of Water and Drink Business Enterprises in Nigeria

Joshua F. Obisanya, Folashade O. Akinyemi — Mon, 01 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Interactions of business activities with the environment are on the increase around the globe nowadays. This phenomenon is known to have led to a series of environmental challenges such as pollution, climate change, erosion and depletion of natural resources. Those aforementioned issues could impair societal well-being in turn. However, global environmental stakeholders, in recent times, birthed and created awareness of the greening concept, a resourceful means to promote a healthy economy, society and environment, in business endeavours. That is. an effort to make all sorts of business enterprises, particularly manufacturing and production businesses, environmentally friendly (harm-free) via a model of production and consumption (circular economy), which involves sharing, leasing, reusing, repairing, refurbishing and recycling existing materials or products cum wastes. Despite the awareness of greening of business in Nigeria, the extant literature revealed that its adoption is extremely low in the country. Also, there is little or no information in the literature on greening of businesses involving water and drink production in Nigeria, in the context of resourceful plastic waste management in the business sector, which this study is set to provide. A systematic review of the literature was employed for the study to: provide an overview of plastic wastes in water and drinks businesses, identify economic/value-addition benefits of greening strategy to the business sector, pinpoint factors that are responsible for low adoption of greening strategies in the business sector of the country, and propose a framework to promote greening of the business’ plastic wastes. These findings have implications for the key stakeholders on greening of business in Nigeria – government at all levels; water and drink business owners; as well as traders and consumers of the products, to improve on promoting resourceful plastic waste management. The study will serve as a baseline information for future empirical investigation on the subject matter.

Implications of Decentralization of the Nigerian Police to National Security

Thomas O. Igabor, Fred O. Okunmahie — Mon, 01 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The paper examined the implementation of state and local government police systems in Nigeria, with special emphasis on the problems and prospects that may accompany such policy implementation. It also investigated the major challenges of the current centralised police system in Nigeria that have made the establishment of the state and local government police structure necessary. The paper depended on the secondary method of data collection as a methodology used in gathering data for the research work. After doing a thorough study of the secondary data obtained, the researchers concluded that the centralised police system in Nigeria was no longer able to guarantee the protection of its citizens, due to its centralised, autocratic, political, inefficient, nepotistic, and other factors identified in the work. Finally, the study's policy implications recommended that the Federal Government of Nigeria immediately draft and put into effect the current policy discussion around the establishment of state police, the necessary portions of the constitution must be changed to provide a place for the establishment of the state and local government police departments, the recruitment exercise in the decentralised police system should be based on men and women of integrity and of good character among others.

Predictive Roles of Cognitive and Behavioural Emotion Regulation Strategies on Loneliness among Undergraduate Students at Redeemer's University, Nigeria

Bede C. Akpunne, Deborah O. Ogbonlaye , Joshua O. Ogunsemi — Mon, 01 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Loneliness is a public health concern as it tends to be a risk factor for mental disorders. This study investigated cognitive and behavioural emotion regulation's predictive impact on loneliness among undergraduate students at Redeemer's University Ede, Osun State. A Cross-sectional research design was employed for the study. A convenient sampling technique was adopted in selecting a total of 321 participants (224 females) and (97 males) (Mean age=18.30, SD=1.78). The sample responded to self-report measures of Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ), Behavioural Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (BERQ) and 3-item Loneliness Scale. Three hypotheses were generated and tested using Multiple and Linear Regression analyses. Results showed that participants who felt lonely were characterized cognitively by greater use of rumination (β= .22, p < .01) and self-blame (β= .22, p < .01), and lesser use of other cognitive strategies. Behaviourally, loneliness was characterized by greater use of actively ignoring stressful situations (β= .16, p < .01). Gender and age did not predict loneliness. Still, gender has a significant relationship with withdrawal [r (319) = .12, p < .05] while age has with acceptance [r (319) = -.11, p < .05] and ignoring [r (319) = -.22, p < .01]. Based on the findings of this study, it is seen that individual differences in emotion regulation may play an important role in explaining loneliness and could therefore represent a promising treatment plan.

Counterproductive work behaviour and Logistics Performance in GIGs Nigeria Limited: the influence of Employee Interpersonal Relations

Oludeyi S. Olukunle, Komolafe O. Bolaji — Mon, 01 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The study investigated the impacts of employee interpersonal relations on the logistics performance of GIG Logistics LTD in Ogun State, Nigeria. Since the population size of the company’s office in Ogun State is one hundred and twenty-two (122), no specific sampling strategy was used; the sample was simply equal to the population size. The study used structured instruments tagged ‘Employee Interpersonal Relationship and Logistics Performance Questionnaire (EIRLPQ)’. Using a descriptive quantitative survey research method, data were analysed using frequency counts, Pearson Product Moment Correlations as well as Mean and Standard Deviation. Results show the descriptive statistics of employee interpersonal relationships and logistics performance of GIG logistics, demonstrating that the logistics task where an employee interpersonal relation has the highest influence is on the task of processing orders and handling material. The study concludes that employee interpersonal relationships have a far-reaching influence on both the employees working co-dependently and the companies where these relationships exist and develop. The practical implications of the study were raised and recommendations were suggested upon the findings

Electoral Violence, Youth Participation, and the Nigerian General Election: Lessons for the Future

Timothy Onimisi — Mon, 01 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The article interrogates the factors influencing youth involvement in electoral violence in Nigeria’s general election. The active participation of the youth in politics can strengthen the democratic credentials of the country just as violence breathes doubt into the democracy of any nation. The paper relied on data from secondary sources and with the use of descriptive analysis. The paper revealed that youths in Nigeria are prone to electoral violence because of some limitations such as ethnic factors, financial challenges, and exclusion in the policy-making processes, which have great consequences for the young population during the electioneering process. The paper found that poverty, which is multidimensional in nature, discrimination, unemployment, barriers to education, and limited opportunities that constitute are prominent factors influencing youth involvement in electoral violence in the country. These invariably influence the youth's political participation in electoral violence. The paper concludes that the youth have a significant role to play in Nigerian politics beyond their participation in electoral violence. The active involvement of the youth in the country’s politics can positively create an atmosphere of good governance and social inclusion in Nigeria. One of the important recommendations the paper presented was political sensitization as a medium for avoiding youth participation in electoral violence. It further stresses that the government, non-governmental organizations, local and international organizations, and concerned stakeholders should be involved in the political sensitization of the youth against engaging in electoral violence before, during, and after each electoral cycle in the country.

Influence of Demographic Characteristics on Social Anxiety of Young Adults in Osun State Higher Institutions

Michael A. Omoyemiju , Sehinde A. Oluwatosin — Mon, 01 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This study aimed to determine the level of social anxiety across demographic characteristics of young adults in Osun State higher institutions. The study employed a survey design method. A sample of 1600 tertiary institution students (690 male, 910 females; age range 15-38 years) were selected using a proportionate stratified sampling technique from four (two public and two private) institutions. Data were collected with the use of Leibowitz Social Anxiety Scale. Of 1600 students sampled, 0.5% had no symptom of social anxiety while 10.3%, 76.4%, and 12.8% exhibited mild, moderate and severe levels of social anxiety. In addition, there was a significant predictive contribution of demographic factors on students’ social anxiety (R = 0.186, P = 0.000). The study concluded that social anxiety among tertiary institution students was high. Hence, necessary policies to reduce its degree are required from education policymakers while counselling psychologists and mental health experts are also required to develop effective treatment programmes to mitigate its effects on students.

Environmental Sustainability Assessment of Maiganga Coal Mine, Using GIS and Remote Sensing in Akko, Gombe State, Nigeria

I. U. Abatcha, G. H. Sambo, M. A. Jimme — Mon, 01 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The Maiganga coal mine in Gombe State, Nigeria, has undergone significant land use changes and land surface temperature (LST) variations due to coal mining activities, raising substantial concerns about its environmental sustainability. This study comprehensively assessed the environmental sustainability of the Maiganga coal mine, with the following objectives; analyze spatiotemporal patterns of Land Use and Land Cover (LULC) changes from 2005 to 2023; quantifying variations in LST, and examine the relationship between LST changes and shifts in land use. LULC data for 2005, 2010, 2015, 2020, and 2023 were used, similarly data set was used for the LST sourced from the United States Geological Survey. Leveraging ArcGIS the data were analyzed using supervised classification and thermal analysis, which enabled a comprehensive assessment of LULC changes and LST variations. The result shows a remarkable decline in farmland, ultimately diminishing by 100% by 2023. This was coupled with a significant expansion of bare land, encompassing 64.32% of the total land cover. Concurrently, vegetation exhibited a continual decline across the study period. Furthermore, a pronounced increase in LST values was observed from 2005 to 2010. The correlation analysis established a substantial positive relationship between LST changes and the proliferation of both bare land (r = 0.82, p < 0.05) and coal mining areas (r = 0.76, p < 0.05), underscoring the direct association between the expansion of these land cover types and rising LST. This study highlighted the profound influence of coal mining on the landscape and its implications for local temperature dynamics within the Maiganga region. It emphasized the urgency of adopting proactive environmental management strategies to mitigate adverse effects while promoting sustainable land use practices. Therefore, the study recommended that policymakers and mining companies should prioritize environmentally friendly mining practices and implement robust land reclamation strategies, striving to harmonize economic growth with environmental conservation in the Maiganga area.

Psychosocial Predictors of Attitude towards Pipeline Vandalisation among Residents around Pipeline Routes of Petroleum Products in Arepo, Ogun State

Akeem A. Kenku, Ajibola A. Ishola, Adedayo Olufunmilayo — Mon, 01 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Pipeline vandalism in Nigeria is on the rise as unscrupulous individuals and criminals are now deliberately breaching pipelines to siphon Premium Motor Spirits (Petrol) and other refined products despite the dangers involved. This study examined the psychosocial predictors of attitudes towards pipeline vandalisation among residents around pipeline routes of petroleum products in Arepo, Ogun State. The study was a cross-sectional survey research method. Two hundred and twenty-five (225) residents living close to the pipeline routes were sampled using a standardized questionnaire and data gathered was analysed using descriptive statistical tools, multiple regression analysis, t-test for independence and Pearson Product Moment correlation (r) analysis at 0.05 level of significance. The result of the study revealed that residents who are high on the lack of trust in security agencies reported a positive attitude toward pipeline vandalization (t (225) = -5.63, p<.01) than residents who are low on the attitude towards pipeline vandalization. There was a significant inverse relationship between residents’ socio-economic status and attitude towards pipeline vandalization (r= -.33, df = 227, p<.05). The residents who are low on the fear of crime reported a positive attitude toward pipeline vandalization (t (225) = 4.86, p<.01) than residents who are high on attitude towards pipeline vandalization. There was no significant gender difference in the attitude towards pipeline vandalization (t (225) = -1.94, p>.05). Age (β = .18, p<.01) and educational status (β = .17, p<.01) predicted attitude towards pipeline vandalization (R² = 0.27, F (2,226) = 8.94, p < .01) while marital status’ independent influence on the attitude towards pipeline vandalization was negligible. It was recommended that community policing and, a sense of ownership should be inculcated into the citizens through educational awareness and community-oriented resources be allocated to these high-crime areas.

Analyzing Urban Sprawl in Okene using Remote Sensing Techniques

H. O. John-Nwagwu , A. O. Ohidah , N. G. Johnson , P. B. Fwang’ar — Mon, 01 Jul 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Urbanization, a global phenomenon, profoundly impacts human habitation, leading to environmental and socioeconomic changes. In Okene, Nigeria, rapid urbanization has resulted in unchecked urban sprawl, driven by factors such as population growth, housing construction, and deforestation. This research aims to analyze urban sprawl in Okene using remote sensing techniques, focusing on its extent, drivers, and impacts, to inform sustainable urban planning strategies. Remote sensing data from Landsat satellites were utilized to analyze land cover changes between 1991 and 2021. Spatial analysis techniques, including supervised classification and change detection, were employed to determine the extent and rate of urban sprawl. The study revealed a significant increase in the built-up area, with urban land expanding from 1.86% to 4.57%. Urban sprawl occurred at an annual rate of 19.94% between 1991 and 2001, slowing to 0.6% between 2001 and 2021. However, the overall sprawl from 1991 to 2021 amounted to 145.70%. The findings underscore the urgency of implementing sustainable urban planning and management strategies to mitigate the negative impacts of urbanization and enhance the region's sustainability and livability